Aetiology of malocclusions:
Anomal in number, position, form; Disgnazie of II and III class;
Hypoplasia or mandibular hyperplasia; Bimascellar protrusion;
Ogival palate;
Insertion anomalies of the frenules; Congenital:
Post-natal causes:
General
Functional
Oral breathing;
Phonation disorders; Atypical swallowing;
Muscle abnormalities;
Spoiled habits;

PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDS: Clinical utility;
Necessary material; Extraoral frontal photo: Technique;
Side extraoral photo: Technique;
Front and side photos;
Occlusal photos;
Overjet photo;
Imprint of the mouth::
Implementation technique;
Materials;
The objective of diagnosis in functional orthopedic orthodontics: to intercept problems and identify a priority for intervention
The importance of collaboration with other professionals (pediatrician, speech therapist, otolaryngologist, physiotherapist, physiatrist, etc.)
The timing in orthopedic-functional therapy
The therapeutic devices used in orthopedic-functional therapy in developmental age, depending on the type of malocclusion and in relation to the collaboration
 del patient - compliance and no-compliance devices
The concept of functionalizing therapy and its relationship with neuronal memory